Most Important Subjective Questions – Our Own Civilization
1. Show how a person relies on machinery in his
daily life. Give four examples.
दिखाएं कि एक व्यक्ति
अपने दैनिक जीवन में मशीनरी पर कैसे निर्भर करता है। चार उदाहरण दीजिए।
Ans:- Today is the world of scientific advancement(प्रगति). We have
become almost dependent on various mechanical tools(यांत्रिक उपकरण)which cater
(आवश्यकता अनुसार सेवा
करना)to our day to day activities.
These include right from morning alarm clocks to wake up ourselves,
using safety razors to shave which blades are manufactured in a large unit of
renowned(प्रसिद्ध)factories, which are run by electricity and gas. Apart from these items
many other gadgets related to electronic and print media, lift, the textile
industry, railway engine, and CNG operated buses, typewriter, and desktops to
palmtops (mobile phone) have become a household thing. Without this, our life will
become meaningless.
If you want to lead a life of importance, then it has become an
imperative(आवश्यक)to take the help of these gadgets and appliances which are of immense
utility(अत्यधिक उपयोगी)to serve the society.
2. Do men invent machines because they are lazy?
क्या पुरुष मशीनों का
आविष्कार करते हैं क्योंकि वे आलसी हैं?
Ans:- No, man is not at all lazy, he is the most restless(बेचैन) and
energetic of all living creatures. He cannot remain idle(सुस्त) or lazy. He
is always thinking of creating something new which may make our life more
comfortable(आरामदायक) and enjoyable. Rest and work go together in his life.
He invented machines because doing the same things bore him. And they
are not the things he really wants to do and so he gets the machine to do them
for him in order that he may have time and energy for other things, for the
things he really does want to do.
3. Why are order and safety necessary for
civilization? [2018]
सभ्यता के लिए आदेश और
सुरक्षा क्यों आवश्यक है?
Ans:- No civilization can develop in the atmosphere of chaos and
anarchy(अराजकता,अव्यवस्था). Today, if I have a quarrel with another man. I do not get beaten merely(केवल)because I am
physically weaker and he can knock me down. I go to law, and the law will
decide as fairly as it can between the two of us.
Moreover, the law protects me from robbery and violence. Nobody may come
and break into my house, steal my goods, or run off with my children. Without
safety, those higher activities of mankind which make up civilization could not
go on. The inventor could not invent, the scientist could not find out or the
artist could not make beautiful things.
Hence, order and safety although they are not civilization, are the
things without which civilization would be impossible. They are necessary to
our civilization as the air we breathe is to us.
4. What do you think this sentence means: “
Previous civilizations were specialized and limited.”
आपको क्या लगता है इस
वाक्य का अर्थ है: “पिछली सभ्यताएँ विशिष्ट और सीमित थीं। “
Ans:- Previous civilizations were specialized and limited. Because they
were like oases(मरुभूमि में जल) in a surrounding desert of savagery(अशिष्टता). Sooner or
later, the desert closed in and the oasis was no more. It means a previous
civilization exists only for a short period of time. They are not much more
secure because they are spread in a limited area. And there was no
communication between the people living in one area to the people living in
another.
And thus, the rich stores that today we are having at the grocer’s(बनिया)shop were
also not present in the previous civilization.
5. When we go for shopping, how do we know that the
world is becoming a single place?
जब हम खरीदारी करने
जाते हैं, तो हम कैसे जानते हैं कि दुनिया एक स्थान बन रही है?
Ans:- When we go shopping, the things in a grocer’s shop, are from the
ends of the earth. They come out of strange(विचित्र) countries
and over far off seas. There are oranges from Brazil, dates from Africa, rice from
India, tea from China, and sugar from Demerara.
The fact that these things come to us from all over the world means that
for the first time the world is becoming a single place.
6. Are all things shared out equally in our world?
क्या हमारी दुनिया में
सभी चीजें समान रूप से साझा की जाती हैं?
Ans:- No, all things are not shared out equally in the world. In
democratic countries, men are equal before the law but the sharing-out of money
which means the sharing-out of food, clothes, houses, and books is still very
unfair. While some people live in luxury, many have not even had enough to eat,
drink, and wear. Even in the finest of the world’s cities thousands of people
live in dreadful(भयानक) surroundings.
There are many families of five or six persons who live in a single
room. In this room they sleep, dress, wash and eat their meals. In the same
room, they are born, and in this same room, they die. Because they are too poor
to afford another room.
Hence, there is no proper sharing-out of things in the world.
7. What is the greatest danger from political
divisions?
राजनीतिक विभाजन से
सबसे बड़ा खतरा क्या है?
Ans:- The greatest danger from political division is a war if the
political divisions are for the fact of war. Twice already in the author’s
lifetime, from 1914 to 1918 and again from 1939 to 1945, almost the whole of
the world has been turned by war.
Moreover, in the conditions of the present day, any war that starts
anywhere is more and more likely to spread everywhere. Hence, war is the
greatest danger from political divisions.
8. What is our chief hope for preventing war?
युद्ध को रोकने के लिए
हमारी मुख्य आशा क्या है?
Ans:- Wars and battles are caused by our political divisions and war. They
bring to us a lot of misery(दुर्दशा)and suffering(कष्ट). If mutual friendship among different countries and communities is
fostered(प्रोत्सहित) and harmony(मैत्री) established, war and battles can be prevented.
So, for a peaceful environment between the countries, we should set up
some sort of government for the whole world. Hence in this way, we can prevent
war.
9. Are machines always easy to control?
क्या मशीनों को
नियंत्रित करना हमेशा आसान होता है?
Ans:- Not really, machines are not always easy to control. It is true
that machines help in minimizing the effort(प्रयत्न)and
maximizing the outputs. But nowadays we are really dependent on machines. And
they are operated under the surveillance(निगरानी)of the experts.
On the one hand, the machines are easy to control, while on the other
hand, a little ignorance or lack of proper care of the machines may lead to
vast destruction.
10. How should a man spend his time and
energy? [2020]
मनुष्य को अपना समय और
ऊर्जा कैसे व्यतीत करनी चाहिए?
Ans:- Man should spend his time and energy on making and liking more
beautiful things. He should find out more and more about the universe. He
should evolve measures to remove the cause of quarrels(झगड़े) between
nations and discover how to prevent poverty.
Then our civilization will undoubtedly be the greatest and the most
lasting that there has ever been.
1. “Our own civilization” is written by…..
·
J.C. Hill
·
A.G. Gardner
·
C.E.M. Joad
·
Robert Lynd
Answer:- C.E.M. Joad
2. C.E.M. Joad was an inhabitant of
·
Russia
·
France
·
London
·
Germany
Answer:- London
3. ‘Machines have become inevitable’ can be
inferred from the lesson
·
Our own civilization
·
Good Manners
·
Forgetting
·
On Letter Writing
Answer:- our own civilization
4. Man has invented machines to save
·
Time and energy
·
pleasure
·
Labour
·
boredom
Answer:- Time and energy
5. In disputes between man and man, the right has
taken the place of
·
flight
·
fight
·
might
·
night
Answer:- might
6. “The Iron curtain” is associated with
·
Russia
·
Brazil
·
India
·
China
Answer:- Russia
7. What will be far from perfect until everyone
gets his proper share of necessary and delightful things?
·
civilization
·
poverty
·
development
·
mankind
Answer:- civilization
8. Europe and America have been symbolized with the
epithet
·
South Block
·
Western Block
·
Eastern Block
·
Central Block
Answer:- Western Block
9. Russia and the Nations of Eastern Europe were
called
·
Eastern Block
·
Western Block
·
North Block
·
Central Block
Answer:- Eastern Block
10. “The next world war will be fought with bows
and arrows” is a statement taken from
·
Our own civilization
·
On letter writing
·
Forgetting
·
With the photographer
Answer:- Our own civilization
11. The chief hope of the world in the future
depends upon our ability to set up some form of-
·
World government
·
Prosperity
·
Democracy
·
State government
Answer:- World Government
12. The coveted title of ‘Stern Master’ is bestowed
to
·
Machines
·
Factory
·
Industry
·
None of these
Answer:- Machines
13. Machines save our
·
time
·
money
·
comforts
·
None of these
Answer:- time
14. Modern civilization has been compared to
·
oasis
·
desert
·
rituals
·
savagery
Answer:- oasis
15. The world has become a single whole, a unity
due to
·
communication
·
wars
·
revolutions
·
religion
Answer:- communication
16. What is as necessary as to our
civilization as the air
·
mankind
·
safety
·
science
·
environment
Answer:- Safety
17. Illness is no longer a terrible thing due to
the prevalence of
·
Anesthetics
·
surgery
·
X-ray
·
city-scan
Answer:- Anesthetics
18. Nothing can be enjoyed in the absence of
·
health
·
good manners
·
civilization
·
None of these
Answer:- civilization
19. Men invented machines because…
·
they were lazy
·
men are smart
·
they wanted to make life easier
·
all of them wanted to destroy the world
Answer:- they wanted to make life easier
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