Rainbow

 

WHERE THE MIND IS WITHOUT FEAR

Where the mind is without fear and the head is held high;

tgkW eu Hk;eqDr jgs vkSj flj ÅWpk dj ds ft;sa]

Where the knowledge is free;

tgkW Kku eqDr gks@Lora= gks]

Where the world has not been broken into fragments

       By narrow domestic walls;

tgkW nqfu;kW dks ladh.kZ fnokjksa ds VqdM+ksa ;k [kaMksa esa ugha ckWVk x;k gks]

Where words come out from the depth of truth;

tgkW ckrsa lR; dh xgjkbZ ls fudyrh gks]

Where tireless striving stretches its arms towards perfection;

tgkW dke djus dh izfdz;k fujaarj viuh ckWgsa QSyk;s iw.kZrk dh c<+rh jgs]

Where the clear stream of reason has not lost its way into

       the dreary desert sand of dead habit;

tgkW foosd dh LoPN >juk lM+h&xyh jhfr fjoktksa ds lqulku jsfxLrku esa viuk jkLrk [kks u nsa]

Where the mind is led forward by thee into ever-widening

       thought and action –

tgkW gekjk eu rqEgkjs¼bZ’oj½ ds lkFk ges’kk lksp vkSj esa c<+rk jgs&

Into that heaven of freedom, my Father, let my country awake.

vktknh ds ml LoxZ esa] esjs firk ¼bZ’oj½] esjs ns’k dks txk nks A

 

Important Words

Fragments – Small pieces – NksVs&NksVs VqdM+s

Narrow – Limited in outlook – ladh.kZ

Domestic – Specific country or home or family – ?kjsyq

Tireless – Working very hard without stopping – yxkrkj ifjJe] vFkd iz;kl

Striving – Making great effort to achieve something – dfBu esgur

Stretches – Extends, Lengthens- QSykuk

Dreary – Dull, Boring – lqulku] uhjl] csdkj

Ever-widening – Always extending – ges’kk QSyk;s gq,

 

Q:- Write down the summary of the poem ‘Where the mind is without fear’?

 

As we know that Rabindranath Tagore has occupied a special name and fame in the area of Indian English literature whose contribution is so great that the people will be continuing to remember him for long. He is the first Indian who achieved the ‘Nobel Prize’ for literature in 1913. Although, he has composed so many creations but his ‘Geetanjali’ is very famous in the world. The present poem – ‘Where the mind is without fear’ has been extracted from this book.

        Through this poem Rabindranath Tagore has proved that he is not only a  great poet but also he is a great patriot of the country. In this poem the poet prays to God to awaken the country from the darkness and slavery into a state of ideal freedom. He wishes that our country must not be divided into small pieces and fenced with narrow walls. The poet also prays to God that the people to our country must be truthful and their words must come out from the depth of the truth. They must have the perfection in work.

        The great poet Rabindranath Tagore lastly expresses his wish to see our country in the heaven of freedom. In this poem each line of the poet is full of patriotism and the devotion for the land. 

 

Questions and answers: -

Q:- What do you think special about the composition of the poem ‘Where the mind is without fear’?

Ans:- The poem – ‘Where the mind is without fear’ is a single complex sentence whose principal clause is the last line. This is special about this poem.

 

Q:- What does the poet pray to God with regard to the state of the Indians?

Ans:- The poet prays to God that He carries the people of our country where their mind may be without fear.

Q:- What does ‘narrow domestic walls’ refer to in the poem?

Ans:- ‘Narrow domestic walls’ of the poem refers to the many places of India which are divided into several separated parts.

Q:- What sort of  a place is the poet talking about in the first two lines?

Ans:- The poet talks about the heaven of freedom in the first two lines.

Q:- How can perfection be achieved?

Ans;- Perfection can be achieved only by working hard and trying to do again and again.

Q:- What does the Tagore mean by ‘dreary desert sand of dead habit’?

Ans:- The sentence ‘dreary desert sand of dead habit’ of Tagore means – ‘The country and the people should be there where the logic should not be lost in dull desert of bad habit.

 

Animals in Prison

1.              For fourteen-and half months I lived in my little cells or rooms in the Dehra Dun Gaol, and I began to feel as if I was almost a part of it. I was familiar with every bit of it: I knew every mark and dent of the whitewashed walls and on the uneven floor and the ceiling with its moth-eaten rafters. In the little yard outside greeted little tufts of grass and odd bits of stone as old friends. I was not alone in my cell, for several colonies of wasps and hornets lived there, and many lizards found a home behind the rafters, emerging in the evenings in search of prey. If thoughts and emotions leave their traces behind in the physical surroundings, the very air of that cell must be thick with them, and they must cling to every object in that little space. [ lk<+s pkSng eghuksa rd] EkSa nsgjknwu tsy esa ,d NksVs ls dksBjh esa jg jgk Fkk] rFkk eSaus eglwl djuk ‘kw: dj fn;k Fkk] tSls fd eS yxHkx bldk gh ,d Hkkx Fkk A EkSa blds gj,d pht ls voxr Fkk A EkSa gjsd fpUg vkSj mtys jax ls iksrs x;s nhokjksa dh njkjsa rFkk ÅWph&uhph Q’kZ vkSj Qkdkvksa esa yxs gq, lksaxj ds lkFk Nr dks tkurk Fkk A ckgj NksVs ls vkWxu esa] eSa ?kkl ds xqPNkvksa dks vkSj iRFkj ds vuks[kh VqdM+ksa ds vius iqjkus nksLr ds :Ik esa vfHkoknu djrk Fkk A EkSa vius dSn[kkus dh dksBjh esa vdsys ugha Fkk] Mad ekjus okys dhM+s&edksM+s dh dqN ofLr;kW ogkW Fkh] rFkk dbZ fNifdfy;kW ?kj ds /kj.k esa viuk ?kj cuk yh Fkh] tks ‘kke esa dhM+s&edksMs+ ds ryk’k esa vk tkrs Fks A ;fn lksp vkSj Hkkoqdrk ml HkkSfrd okrkoj.k esa viuh fu’kku NkMs+] rks ml dSn[kkus dksBjh dh gok;sa mlds lkFk eank gks tk;sxk] rFkk mls bl NksVs ls txg es lHkh oLrqvksa dks yxkuk pkfg, A ]

2.               I had better cells is other prisons but in Dehra Dun I had one privilege which was very precious to me. The gaol proper was very small one, and we were kept in an old lock-up outside the gaol wall, but within the gaol compound. This place was so small that there was no room to walk about in it, and so we were allowed, morning and evening, to go out and walk up and down in front of the gate, a distance of about hundred yards. We remained in the gaol, compound, but this coming outside the walls gave us a view of the mountains and the fields and a public road at some distance, This was not a special privileage for me;[eSaus nwljs dsSn[kkuksa esa csgrj dksBfj;ksa dks ns[kk ysfdu nsguknwu esa eq>s ,d fc’ks”k vf/kdkj Fkk tks esjs fy, cgqr gh cgqewY; Fkk A [kkldj tsy cgqr NksVk Fkk rFkk geyksxksa dks tsy fnokj ds ckgj Fkk] ysfdu tsy ds gh ifjlj esa gh j[kk x;k FkkA ;g txg bruk NksVk Fkk fd mlesa Vgyus dk Hkh dksbZ txg ugha Fkk rFkk geyksaxks dks njokts ds lkeus] yxHkx ,d lkS xt dh nwjh esa] lqcg vkSj ‘kke dks tkus vkSj Åij rFkk uhps esa Vgyus dg vuqefr Fkk A geyksx tsy ifjlj esa gh jgrs Fks] ysfdu fnokj ds ckgj igkM+h rFkk leery vkSj vke lM+d dk utkjk dqN nwj ij ls gh fn[kkbZ ns nsrk Fkk A ;g esjs fy, [kkl vf/kdkj ugha Fkk] cfYd ;g nsgjknwu es j[ks x;s , rFkk ch oxZ ds lHkh dSfn;ksa ds fy, ,d lekuk FkkA ;g ifjlj esa Fkk ysfdu tsy ds fnokj ds ckgj] ,d nwljk NksVk lk edku Fkk ftls ;wjksfi;u ykWdvi dgk tkrk FkkA ;g fnokjksa ls f?kjk gqvk ugha Fkk rFkk dkBjh ea vanj ds vkneh dks igkfM+;ksa vkSj ckgj dh ftUnxh ds n`’;ksa dks ns[k ldrk Fkk A ;wjksfi;u dSnh ;k j[ks x;s nwljs dks Hkh tsy ds njokts ds lkeus lqcg ‘kke Vgyus dk vuqefr Fkk A ]

 

 

 

 

 

Questions and Answers:

Q:-  Pick out instances that show Nehru’s love for small animals.

Ans:- As everyone knows that Nehruji was a sensitive man. He was full of love for everybody and everything but he also loved animals and even small insects. In this chapter, a beautiful instance has been described. In the jail there was bitch that was very alone. She used to come to Nehru. Nehruji used to feed her and became very close to her. After some days, she gave birth many pups. This way, he was tied with some dogs. Nehruji also liked the jumping monkeys and became very pleased to see the monkeys. These all things show the love towards animals of Nehruji.

Q:- How did the parent monkey rescue its baby? Why does Nehru call its courage ‘reckless’?

Ans:-  Once It so happened that a baby monkey came down to barrack of Nehruji. It was caught by some persons. It was tied a bit of string round its neck. It was trying to rescue form that custody but failed. Several persons were standing around that baby monkey. The parent monkey was seeing all these from the top of the high wall. The parents flew into a rage and jumped into crowd. All the crowded people started running hither and thither. People wanted to fight against the parents with lathis and sticks. At last the parent monkeys became successful to rescue the baby monkey from the custody of crowd. At this courage of parent monkeys Nehuru ji called them ‘reckless’.

Q:- What are advantages and the disadvantages of the monsoon? How did it affect Nehru’s life in jail?

Ans:- Everyone knows that everything has its some advantages and disadvantages. As India is a hot country. Here, every year monsoon rains are welcomed. When monsoon comes, there is greenness everywhere in the nature. Plants and trees get new life. But homeless or who lives in huts has very hard life. When there is too much rain people have miserable life.

 Q:- Why does Nehru say that worship and kindness do not always together? How does he show it?

Ans:-

 

Q:- Write down the critical appreciation of the essay ‘Animal In the Prison’.

Ans:-  The present beautiful essay ‘The Animals In Prison’ has been written by our respected first prime-minister of India Pandit Jwahar Lal Nehru. Pandit was a great versatile and a genuine personality. He was not only the first prime-minister of India but also he was one the greatest spokesman, politician, and prolific writer more over he was very popular among the children. Therefore, he was called the ‘Chacha Nehru’.

                He has written so many things but the present essay ‘The Animals In Prison’ is his masterpiece. He has tried to show his best love and affection to nature, even small insects, and animals through this essay. He shares his experiences when he was captured in jail.  Here, through this essay he describes about the living standard of himself during the imprisonment. He shares how he lives in a narrow cell with poisonous insects but the insects never harm him. Nehruji says how he fight with bugs and mosquitos in that cell. He also shares the beauty outside of the jail and he also shares how he survives his life during the all the seasons.  Nehruji tries to show he loves the kitten and puppies in the cell. Further he describes how he wakes up the whole night the ill-puppy.

        No doubt, Pandit Jawahar Lal Nehru was not only a well versed speaker, writer but also he was a true lover of nature.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

THE MARRIAGE OF TRUE MINDS

Q:- Write down the critical appreciation of the  poem, ‘The Marriage of True Minds’.

Ans:-As we know that William Shakespeare has occupied a special name and fame in the area of English literature. He has established himself the greatest playwright, the successful actor and the greatest poet in English literature. He has written so many plays and several poems but his sonnets are very famous. In his collection there are about 154 sonnets.

                The present poem, ‘A Marriage of True Mind’ is his 116^th sonnet. This poem deals with existence of true love. The poet depicts that true love never dies. The heart of true love never alters even in the time disaster. It is like a beacon which is not shaken even by the tempest. The bodily love can never be a true love. The physical love is nothing but lust. The true love is not evaluated by the beauty of face and color; it is evaluated by its quality and the continuity for a long life.  At the last, the poet says that true love continues till death.

        The poem is indeed praise-worthy and full of true meaning. We must take a lesson from it.

 

Q:- What do you mean by ‘Sonnet’? Explain in details.

Ans:- The word ‘Sonnet’ is a kind of poem that contains only fourteen lines. It is a distinctive poetic style that uses system or pattern of metrical structure and verse composition usually consisting of fourteen lines, arranged in a set rhyme scheme or pattern. There are two main styles of sonnet - the Italian sonnet and the English sonnet. The Italian or Petrarchan sonnet, named after Petrarch (1304-1374) a fourteenth century writer and the best known poet to use this form, was developed by the Italian poet Guittone of Arezzo (1230-1294) in the thirteenth century. Usually written in iambic pentameter, it consists first of an octave, or eight lines, which asks a question or states a problem or proposition and follows the rhyme scheme a-b-b-a, a-b-b-a. The sestet, or last six lines, offers an answer, or a resolution to the proposed problem, and follows the rhyme scheme c-d-e-c-d-e.

Q:- What is love? Can there be different manifestations?

Ans:- Love is  the eternal sentiment or feeling of our heart that contains affection and devotion to a person or anything. True love is not alterable. It is permanent like a pole star and can never be shaken by any disaster. It continues till death. There can be different manifestations of love. They may be the love of son to father, mother, brother, friends, lover or beloved.

Q:- You love different persons in your life : your parents, brothers, sisters, friends, wife etc. what is common about your love to each other of them?

Ans:-Love with family members like parents, brothers, sisters, friends, wife etc. are common love and it is natural love that everybody has to face this. This also generates the selfishness but there are also some love which is without selfishness, it is true love in a sense of love.

Q:- What is ‘an ever-fixed mark’?

Ans:- The true love is permanent and spiritual it can never be shaken or removed. Therefore, it is called as an ever-fixed mark.

Q:- What do you mean by metaphor?

Ans:-  Metaphor is  a type of figurative language in which a statement is made that says that one thing is something else but, literally, it is not. In connecting one object, event, or place, to another, a metaphor can uncover new and intriguing qualities of the original thing that we may not normally notice or even consider important. Metaphoric language is used in order to realize a new and different meaning. As an effect, a metaphor functions primarily to increase stylistic colorfulness and variety. Metaphor is a great contributor to poetry when the reader understands a likeness between two essentially different things. In his Poetics, Aristotle claims that for one to master the use of metaphor is “…a sign of genius, since a good metaphor implies an intuitive perception of the similarity in dissimilars” (The Poet's Dictionary). A metaphor may be found in a simple comparison or largely as the image of an entire poem. For example, Emily Dickinson’s poem “My Life had stood – a Loaded Gun” makes use of a series of comparisons between the speaker and a gun.

Dickinson opens the work with the following: “My Life had stood – a Loaded Gun - / In corners – till a Day / The Owner passed – identified - / And carried me away”. Of course, the narrator is not really a gun.  The metaphor carries with it all the qualities of a “Loaded Gun”. The speaker in the poem is making a series of comparisons between themselves and the qualities of a gun. The narrator had been waiting a long time before their love found them. The narrator loves her fellow so desperately that she feels as a protective gun that would kill anyone wishing to harm him. To this effect, Dickinson writes, "To foe of His – I’m deadly foe –."  Dickinson’s poem ends up being one extended comparison through the use of metaphor between herself and a gun with “…but the power to kill.”  See A Handbook to Literature, The Poet’s Dictionary, or A Glossary of Literary Terms (7th edition). Andy Stamper, Student, University of North Carolina at Pembroke

 

Q:- Write down the critical appreciation of the poem, ‘ The Chimney Sweeper’.

Ans:- As ‘William Blake’ had a little schooling but as a poet he was great dreamer had a great attachment to the love of God. He reveals in his poetry souls’ relationship with God, and Gods ways to men. Often he says that kingdom of human is within the heart of human beings. He has written so many poems but among them ‘The Songs of Innocence is very famous and here the present poem ‘The Chimney Sweeper has been extracted from this collection.

       In this poem the poet describes about the misfortune about a wretched boy named ‘Tom Dacre’. The poet narrates that Tom’s mother is died when he is born and he is sold by his own father to an industrialist at very tender age. He is employed as sweeping the chimney where he sustains a very painful life. He and his companions’ heads are cleaned, so that their hair should be shaved from the catching of the fire. One of these sweeping children ‘Tom Decre’ once dreams of an angel who opens the gate with a bright key and they are set free from their hard and dirty work. The angel advises them to believe in God who will always give them constant pleasure. Thereafter, all of them become happy and work with pleasure.

       Indeed, this poem is full of heart-touching elements and the power of self-contentment.

Q:- What does Tom see in his dream? Describe in details.

Ans:- Tom Dacre dreams that an angel with a bright key appears and opens the gate and sets him and all of his companions free from their works. Now, they all are free and floating in the free land. The angel says that they all have faith in God who will make them pleased.

Q:- In what way is Tom’s dream significant?

Ans:- Tom’s dream is significant in various ways. Tom’s dream reflects the inhuman working conditions in different chimneys places how the little children are tortured and compelled to live in a difficult life. These types of children always want to free from such work and want to sustain a free life. The working boys have to live in a very critical life at chimneys. The appearance of angel in Tom’s dream brings a hope in his life. In eyes of God everyone is equal and it is said that God is the savior of all who are helpless in this world.

Nalanda : Ancient seat of learning

Renowned - Well- known, famous – izfl)] e’kgwj

Symbol – Emblem – izrhd] fpUg

Quest – Pursuit, Search – [kkst

Blossom – Flourish, develop – Qyk Qwyk] fodflr gqvk

Racial distinctions – Ethnic or cultural differences – lkaLd`frd varj

Consciousness – Awareness, Experience– psruk] tkd:drk] vuqHko

Realm – Field, Ambit– {ks=

Pilgrim – Traveller– ;k=h

Telling – Impressive, Powerful– izHkkoiw.kZ] ‘kfDr’kkyh

Remains – Relics – cpk gqvk] ‘ks”k

Archaeological excavation – Digging ancient sites to find relics of the past study ancient cultural and civilization– iqjkrkfRod [qknkbZ

Envoy – Emissary, Ambassador– jktnwr

Inscription – Dedication– leiZ.k

Indelible – Impossible to remove– gVkuk vlaHko

Devotion – Dedication– J)k

Preservation – Conservation, Secured– lqjf{kr

Bygone – Past– chr x;k] chrk gqvk] vrhr

Era – Age – ;qx

Q:- Write down the critical appreciation of ‘Nalanda : Ancient Seat of Learning’

Ans:-There is no big name like ‘Dr. Rajendra Prasad’ in the history of India because this great man became the first president of independent India. He was a versatile personality. He was a successful statesman, scholar, historian, educationist, idealist, and above all he was great social reformer and a constructive thinker.

       The present lesson has taken from his famous ‘Speeches of President Rajendra Prasad Vol – I’. This speech was delivered by him at the foundation-stone-laying ceremony of Magadh Research Institute, Nalanda. Rajendra Prasad describes about the past glory of Nalanda University which was once at the top of the world university. The history of Nalanda dates back to the age of Lord Buddha and Lord Mahavira. The history is the evidence that shows that Nalanda University flourished from the Lord Buddha and emperor Ashoka to the Gupta Age. Here, lots of famous pilgrims visited Nalanda. Such as:- Fa-Hien, a chinese pilgrim visited in 4^th century AD. Thereafter, Hieun T’sang visited India and found that Nalanda was at the height of its glory. That time, Nalanda had 10,000 students and 1,500 teachers. Rajendra Prasad says that time Nalanda was the only centre of education. Actually, at that time 100 lectures were delivered everyday a Nalanda. Both Brahmanical and Buddhist literature, philosophy, science and art were the subjects of syllabus. Vedas were also taught there. It was also the centre of fine art. Hieun T’sang studied there law, Yoga, phonetics and Panini’s grammar at the feet of the University. This way Dr. Rajendra Prasad says that we must take a lesson form the past and it must be reconstructed at it was before.

       By far, the thought of Rajendra Prasad is praise-worthy and must be appreciated by all. He was not only a great man of India but also he was a great source of learning and who himself  proved that he was a true son of our soil.

Q:- Why had people gathered in Nalanda?

Ans:-People gathered at Nalanda to revive the past glory of Nalanda University and it was the day of the foundation-laying ceremony of ‘Magadh Research Institute, Nalanda’ on Nov. 20, 1951.

Q:- What does Nalanda symbolize?

Ans:- Nalanda symbolizes the glorious period of our history in the field of education and the quest for knowledge.

Q:- With which great religious teacher is Nalanda associated?

Ans:- Nalanda is associated with Lord Buddha, the great religious teacher of Buddhism.

STOPPING BY WOODS ON A SNOWY EVENING

Woods – Forest

Queer – Strange

Farmhouse – Cottage

Harness bells – bells hanging from saddles

Sweep – soft clear sound suggesting the continuous motion the wind – ehBk ;k Li”V vkokt tks /khjs&/khjs gok cgus dks crk jgk gks

Downy – Soft, feathery, Fluffy

Flake – Fleck, Snowflake –dqgklk

Promise – Responsibility, Task, Mission –oknk djuk] opu nsuk

Q:- Write down the critical appreciation of the ‘Stopping by woods on snowy evening’.

Ans:- Robert Frost has occupied a special name and fame in the area of English literature as the finest American Poet of 20^th century. For literature he has been awarded with Pulitzer Prize and other literary honours.

       The poem ‘Stopping by woods on a snowy evening’ is one of the finest poems written by Robert Frost. Through, this poem the poet depicts that once a snowy evening he was going somewhere by riding his horse. He was going to fulfill some special task for that he promised to someone. But, in the way, he was enmoured by the beauty of nature which was enveloped in snow. It was a very cold day and it seemed that the darkest night was about to come. He was looking and looking at the beauties of the forest of the hills covered by snow and flakes. His horse was also in a dilemma for stopping in that deserted place of his master. The horse also rang his bell hung in its neck to go ahead. Although, the owner of that woods was the inhabitant of the nearest village but he did not care of that someone enmoured to see the beauties of his forest. After a while the poet came into sense that he had to cover a long distance to reach his destination for what he had been promised. He goes ahead for his destination.

Therefore, the poet through this poem wants to suggest us that sometimes we forget our own destination in trapped with transient beauties of the world while we must remember that we have to reach our fixed destination.

Q:- Write down the critical appreciation of the poem ‘The Lamentation of the old Pensioner’.

Ans:-  The present poem, ‘The Lamentation of the old pensioner’ is the revised version of W.B. Yeats’ earlier poem – The Old Pensioner. Through this poem the poet has exposed his lamentation on his present old hood life and reminds his pleasant time of his youth. He says that it was the time when he used to be a very reputed and powerful experienced personality. People came near him under the shade of a broken tree where they were in gossips on love and politics. But, now no one comes and no one talk all these things. He thinks that the youth of today is very careless and they have no love for the old. The youth are making a conspiracy behind them. The poet reminds that the time changes him completely. No one is attracted towards him, now. The poet at last rebukes the time that a lady loved him but no one is present at the moment and says by abusing that he spits on the time that transfigured him completely.

Q:- Write down the critical appreciation for, “A Snake in the grass”.

Ans:- R. K. Narayan  is one of the greatest names in the area of Anglo-Indian English literature. He is very famous for his sublime writings. He has written so many novels but among them ‘The Guide’ the novel of him has occupied a special name and fame for his career because on this novel the film has been released. In this film the superstar Devanand and Vahida Rahman acted well.

       The present story ‘The snake in the grass’ is the finest story of R. K. Narayan. The story begins very dramatically. Once in the afternoon a cyclist comes and informs dramatically that a cobra has entered into the gate. All the persons became perplexed and some of the members go to the servant named Dasa who was sleeping. Dasa wanted to dismiss the matter by saying that there was no any entrance of snake. But, Dasa was made to disturb by the members of family. Dasa complaints for purchasing the grass-cutter before them. Dasa was blamed by them that he was a careless servant and he never keeps the garden neat and clean. Several persons are gathered in the garden and comment on this event differently. One of the sons of the family showed the static on death caused by the stung of snakes. A member of family brings bamboo sticks and starts moving out the creepers, bushes and everything in the garden including with the servant. In the meanwhile an old she-beggar comes for begging the alms. The members of family tell her not to disturb them because they were busy in searching the snake to kill. But, that old she-beggar advised them not to kill the snake because it is the incarnation of god Subramanya. Mother accepts her statement and gives her coin to that lady. Thereafter, a snake charmer comes. He is requested to search the cobra but he says without seeing the exact position where it is, he cannot be successful to search that. He leaves his traces and says that he must to be informed when they get the exact trace of cobra. But, they all become fail to find it.

       In the evening time when they all are in serious gossips of snake finding, in the meanwhile the servant Dasa appears with a pot in his hand and declares that he catches the snake. The servant bragged about his bravery and asks them not to blame him calling a dull and idle. He assures them that he will hand over the snake to the snake-charmer. It was five minutes passed since Dasa was gone when the younger son cries and exclaimed with surprise that he had seen the Cobra coming out from the hole of his garden. The snake disappears quickly through the drain. A mystery remains whether there were two snakes there or not. If not, what was in the pot, the servant had gone out with.

       In this piece, R. K. Narayan has beautifully presented a beautiful picture among the family members how they react upon the snake and what is real activity occurs when such incident take place in real.

Q:- Why did the cyclist ring the bell?

Ans:-  The cyclist rang the bell to inform the entrance of a cobra inside the campus of a garden.

Q:- Why did Dasa say, ‘There is no Cobra?

Ans:- He said so because he was in sleeping mood.

Q:-What happens when someone wakes you up and asks you to do something?

Ans:- When we are in sleeping mood, we feel irritation if someone wake us up.

Q:-What fault did the people find with Dasa?

Ans:- The people charged with him that he is the laziest servant in the world.

Q:- What was Dasa’s defence?

Ans:- Dasa defended himself by saying that he had been asking for a grass-cutter machine for months.

Q:- What does ‘ with cynical air’ mean?

Ans:- It represents the meaning ‘In a manner that showed distrust of the others idea’. (vfo’o’kuh; <ax ls)

Q:- Write down the critical appreciation for the prose ‘The Scientific Point of View’.

Ans:- ‘The Scientific Point of View’ is one of the finest essay written by the greatest biologist as well the greatest scientist named J. B. S Haldane. In the field of biology, he has made great contribution in the study of genetics and evolution.

       In this essay ‘The Scientific Point of View’, the author describes about the scientific methods. He says that there are two folds of science. In one way, we have lots of discoveries and inventions; in another way we have a great deal of scientific methods to survive the lives. Science has provided us so many convenient things like, railway, motor car, aeroplane and electricity. The science has completely changed the way of our life. Thus science has given a new shape to our ideas and opinion.

       The writer says that scientific point of view is also ethically neutral. A scientist does not read anything ethically. He is not like a judge to decide what is right and what is wrong. But, for a scientist, the important thing is what is true and what is not true. He has to give facts and argument, to moral judgment. The scientific point of view, at present is very different from an average man’s point of view as an average mans point of view as an average man always puts his personal feeling likes and dislikes into the study or discussion of any problem. He always calls it either good or bad. He does not care for facts and figure. Through, an example the writer has tried his best to give a scientific ideas that a can understand that he is superior if he looks smart and another who is ugly, is inferior. But, science has not any attachment to this filthy matter. It is completely impartial from such matter. In the view of science both are equal.

       This way, in this masterpiece of J B S Haldane we get several learning points which are indeed adoptable. By far, Haldane’s scientific point of view is praise-worthy.

Q:- Write down the critical appreciation of ‘I Pass the Delhi Test’.

Ans:-Who doesn’t know the name of ‘Sunil Gavaskar’? This great personality needs no introduction. All the cricket lovers are acquainted with him. He is a legendary Indian opening batsman. But, he has also tried his best to introduce himself in writing sector, too. His famous ‘Sunny Days, ‘Idols’ and ‘Run’sn Ruins’ have occupied a special reputation.

       The present writing has taken from his ‘Run’sn Ruins’. In this context, Gavaskar shares his experiences during a cricket test match in Delhi. Gavaskar writes that before the day of test. He was something tense because his previous performance was not good and people of him were annoyed at the batting of Gavaskar. On the eve of test his famous book –‘Idols’ was released by the Indian Skipper – ‘Kapildeo’. On the day of trial, Gavaskar was not feeling well. Therefore, he request Kapildeo to have rest. On this Gavaskar’s behaviour Kapildeo was something annoyed but he said nothing to him. Gavaskar went for sleeping and he did not complete his trial of his match. Gavaskar got up early in the morning and he was feeling something relax. It was the day of final test. The stadium was full of spectators. Everyone wants that Gavaskar should have played well. His lovers started increasing his enthusiasm. Gavaskar was fully ready to play well. The start was something slow but he was playing very carefully. He completed his half century and now, his score was eighty. Every lover of him wanted his score on century. He completed his century with full of his strength. Spectators were very happy and all the players of the team were excited and were congratulated Gavaskar. It was his 29^th century which was completed in 94 balls.

       This way, we can say that this creation is the masterpiece of Gavaskar which deals with a memorable moment of his life.

Q:- Write down critical appreciation for the prose ‘Mother India’.

Ans:- Who does not know the name of Subhash Chandra Bose in India? Everyone is acquainted with this great name. He is one of the greatest sons of our motherland who sacrificed everything for the sake of our country. He proved himself that he was a great freedom fighter by serving this land. He is full of love and affection for the soil of our motherland which is reflected in his present prose named ‘Mother India’.

       The present prose ‘Mother India’ is one of the finest creations written by Subhash Chandra Bose. In this prose, he has described beautifully about the love and affection to our country. He says that there is no other country as great as India. It is a very pious land where all the Gods and goddesses have taken their birth. In the lap of motherland one can get everything what they want. He gives a very lively description of the Ganga and other pious rivers. He also regrets for polluting these pious rivers. He does not like any Hippocratic deeds on any religious occasion. Such as, on Durga Puja we invest a lot of money. This is not good for the welfare of the country. He asks many questions to the motherland and tells that she is not a mother of a single but she is the mother of all the people of this country. He says that she has to take care of all the people who are in great troubles. Bose also appeals that we should always maintain our dignity and never forget our humanity.

       Therefore, this is a great prose which shows the rules of patriotism and teaches about the meaning of humanity.

Q:- Write down the critical appreciation for the prose ‘National Unity, Nation And Nationalism’.

Ans:- Who does not know the name of Jay Prakash Narayan in India and specially in Bihar? Jay Prakash Narayan is popularly known as Loknayak or JP in India. He raised an agitation against the dictatorship from 1974 to 1977. He is a true Indian who sacrificed everything for the sake of our motherland.

       The prose, ‘National Unity, Nation and Nationalism’ is the finest writings of JP. Through this prose he has tried to provide us the true definition for the terms – ‘National Unity, Nation and Nationalism’. He says that the meaning for nationalism is different for the different people. Everyone has his own attitudes for this term. He also points out the ‘Sepoy Mutiny’ and the effect of this agitation. The author says that ‘ a nation does not really men the whole nation, nor does nationalism consists the interests of all the classes and groups within it. The writer insists that our nation is made of princes, industrialist, bankers, merchants, peasants, labourers etc. All the people of these classes have their own meaning for nationalism. Princess thinks that to maintain the dignity of his state, is his first duty. The author wants to suggest us thatwe must preserve the dignity of our nationality through our ideal thought. We can be different by caste, by religion but our first duty to maintain our national unity. He wants to adjoin all of us in single family members. He wants that we should all perform our duty to preserve the dignity of our country.

       This way, through this essay Jay Prakash Narayan wants to make us understand about the strength of unity. He believes that united we stand and divided we fall. 

Q:- Write down the critical appreciation for the poem ‘ The Voice of the Unwanted Girl’.

Ans:- Sujata Bhatt is one of the finest modern poetesses  who has occupied a special name and fame in the area of Indian poetry. She has touched some untouched sector which completely blank but important.

       The the present poem ‘The Voice of Unwanted Girl’ is the finest and heart touching poem written by her. She has presented a beautiful sentiment of an unborn baby which is killed by her parent in the womb. She complaints against her mother about her death. This p